State the Objective
Tell the children that they will tap on drums and clap to make music as they add sounds to the -ap ending to make words such as tap, rap, clap, snap and flap.

Literacy Activities

Tap and rap on a drum

• Have a child tap and rap on a drum (or a container) with a drumstick (or pencil).
• Let the other children snap and clap to the rhythm of the beat of the drum. 
• Allow the children to take turns tapping and rapping on the drum or snapping and clapping to make music.
• Have the children take apart words by tapping on the drum once for each sound in the following words: cap, lap, map, nap, rap, sap, tap, zap, snap.

Tap word cards

• Read the Tap, Slap, Flap target text (see below) with the children.
• Read the text again, allowing the children to use word cards (see below) to act out the text. 

Blend target words

• Draw one word card at a time and say the individual sounds of the word. 
• Have the children guess the word on the card by blending the sounds together.

Identify, blend and manipulate sounds

• Have half of the children tape -ap cards (see below) on their shirts and half of the children tape consonant cards (e.g., t).
• Let the children walk around to find their pair and create a word (t + -ap = tap). 
• When all the children have found a pair, have each pair explain how they made their word by having the child with the consonant card pronounce their letter and the child with the -ap pronounce their ending.

• Then have both children say their full word. 

   

Create new words

• Let the children use letter cards (see below) to make new words by changing the vowel or either of the consonants:
  • Change the beginning sound: cap → map; map → rap; rap → tap
  • Change the ending sound: cap → cat; map → man; rap → rat; tap → tan
  • Change the middle sound: cap → cup; map → mop; rap → rip; tap → top